English Preposition

English Preposition from annasnz19

preposition is a word governing, and usually coming in front of, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element.

Some common prepositions are:

about above across after against along among around at before behind below beneath beside between beyond but

by despite down during except for from in inside into like near of off on onto out

outside over past since through throughout till to toward under underneath until up upon with within without.

Prepositions typically come before a noun:

For example:

• after class
• at home
• before Tuesday
• in London
• on fire
• with pleasure

A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence.

For example:

• The book is on the table.
• The book is beside the table.
• She read the book during class.

In each of the preceding sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in space or in time.

Prepositions are classified as simple or compound.

Simple prepositions
Simple prepositions are single word prepositions. These are all showed above.

For example:

• The book is on the table.

Compound prepositions
Compound prepositions are more than one word. in between and because of are prepositions made up of two words - in front of, on behalf of are prepositions made up of three words.

For example:

• The book is in between War and Peace and The Lord of the Rings.
• The book is in front of the clock.

Examples:

• The children climbed the mountain without fear.
• There was rejoicing throughout the land when the government was defeated.
• The spider crawled slowly along the banister.

EXERCISE :
Complete the exercise according to the picture.

(for number 1-5)
 

                                                           (for number 6-10)

1.   ... the picture, there are three kids.
2. The girl is standing ... the two boys.
3. The boy with the green shirt is ... the right.
4. He has a gameboy ... his hands.
5. The kids are looking ... his gameboy.  
6. Look ... this painting.
7. ... the painting, you can see a little girl.
8. So, it is a painting ... a girl.
9. A famous painter painted it. So it is a painting ... a famous painter.
10. My grandma once owned the painting, but she gave it to me on my birthday. So it is a picture ... my grandma.

Source :
http://aderikardo.blogspot.com/2012/09/english-prepositions, http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions/exercises?09, http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions/exercises?12, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UiqBGZTZP6Q (English Grammar - Learn Prepositions)

Invitation Card

Invitation card is an invitation given by someone to another to attend an important event through the media. For example, a birthday celebration, wedding party, school graduation, farewell, anniversary of the company and, etc.
The contents of the Invitation Card :
1. Name (the sender and the receiver)
2. Time/date
3. Place
4. Occasion/ The purpose of the event
  
Invitation expression :

• Would you like to………..?
• Would you like to come to………….?
• Do you want to………?
• We would like to invite you to…………?
• We would like you join us for……….?
• How about………….?
• Do you mind to come to………..?
• Please come to…………?
• I’ll be happy if you come to………?
• Let’s we go to…………?
• Etc.

Accepting an invitation : 

• Of course !
• Thank you, I will come.
• OK!
• I’d love to……….
• I’d like to………….
• That sounds great.
• It sounds a nice idea.
• That would be terrific !
• That would be amazing!
• That would be wonderful! 
• Thanks for inviting me.
• It’s very kind of you to invite me.
• I’d be happy to……
• I like that.
• I’d be delighted to…….
•  Surely.
• That’s nice.
• Etc.

Declining an invitation : 

• I’d love to, but.....  

• I’m sorry. I can’t. I’d like to, but I have many thing to do right now. 

• I don’t think I can go. Sorry. 

• I would love to, but……….. 

• It’s good, but………….

• Sorry. It’s good, but I can’t.

There are examples of Invitation Card :

1. Wedding Party

2. Birthday Celebration

3. New Year's Eve Party

 

Exercise :

Choose the correct answer !

(Invitation Card for number 1-3)

1. What is the program can the students do individually?
     a. story telling contest
     b. choir contest
     c. basketball match
     d. wall magazine competition
2. The competition will last for...days
     a. 2          b. 3          c. 4          d. 5
3. "They are, choir contest,..."
    "Choir" means a group of people trained to...together.
     a. sing          c. play
     b. dance       d. act

(for number 4 and 5)
Occasion : Kim's Birthday
Date         : March 13rd
Time         : 6.30 p.m
Place        : 44 Devoe Road
Directions : Take the no. 5 bus. Get off the corner of Devoe Road. Our house is at the second house on the right. Please arrive on time. This is a surprise party.
Regrets only : Marie Salinger 238-1722 or email Maries(a).dr.com

4. When will the party held?
     a. at 44 Devoe Road          b. at 6.30 a.m          c. on March 13rd          d. at the second house
5. Regret only : Marie Salinger 238-1722 or email. The words above tell us that we should...
     a. give information if we cannot come
     b. give information if we can come
     c. ask information how to come to the place
     d. contact Marie Salingar before we come

(for number 6 and 7)
To : Vita Maharani
I would be glad if you come to my 1"5 birthday party".
Day/date : Sunday/July, 29-2008
Time        : 7 p.m
Place       : Jl. Gatot Subroto No. 365 Sungailiar

Your truthfully
Tika Panggabean

6. How old will Tika be 2016?
     a. 21          b. 22          c. 23          d. 24
7. When will the party be held?
     a. in the morning          c. in the afternoon
     b. in the evening          d. at the midnight

(for number 8-10)
To : The staff of the company
       We hope you attend the ordinary general meeting of Zurich financial servising,
Date       : Tuesday April 23rd 2009, 10 p.m
Location : Stadium Schuelweg CH 8302. Switzerland
Agenda   : - Launcing new products
                 - Annually reports
                 - Preparing workshop event
       Please come earlier and leave a note if you can't attend the meeting.

Secretary
Robby

8. The purpose of the text is...
     a. to attend the ordinary general meeting
     b. to invite the staff to launch new product
     c. to invite someone to come to the meeting
     d. to invite someone to prepare workshop event
9. If the staff can't attend the meeting, he/she has to...
     a. call the secretary          c. phone Robby
     b. write a massage           d. leave a notebook
10. 10 p.m means...
     a. ten in the morning          c. ten in the evening
     b. ten in the afternoon       d. ten in the midnight

Source :

http://www.materi-bahasa-inggris-smp.com/functional-text-2/invitations, http://englishahkam.blogspot.com/2013/05/contoh-teks-fungsional-pendek-invitation.html, http://fina97-everything.blogspot.com/2012/06/pembahasan-bahasa-inggris-invitation.html, http://endahdew.blogspot.com/2013_03_01_archive.html,http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZBdIvBbDzo (kids party invitation wording)

Descriptive Text

Descriptive text is a text which say what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

The Generic Structure of Descriptive Text 

• Identification : It is part of paragraph which introduces or identifies the phenomenon to be described, for example the character, place, animal, etc.
• Description : It is part of paragraph which describes the phenomenon in parts, qualities, and characteristics.

The Language Features of Descriptive Text

Using attributive and identifying process.
Using adjective
Using simple present tense

Using adverb 


Task 1
Read the following text loudly !

 BROMO MOUNTAIN

Climbing mountain is my hobby. I really love this hobby because we can enjoy the wonderful landscape created by God. Bromo montain is one of the most beautiful and magical mountains in East Java. It is located in Probolinggo Regency. This mountain is very interesting because you can see the beautiful sunrise and sunset from this mountain. You can take a magical picture from the sky above this mountain.

Beside that you can see the large field that Bromo people call ‘Lautan Pasir’’. It is very beautiful if you see from the top of Mount Bromo.There are also a crater in the top of montain. The visitors can make their body warm in cold conditions of this mountain. In this crater you can see some beautiful colors of fire and beautiful smoke going up to the sky.


Task 2

Choose one of the pictures below and write down a simple Descriptive Text with your own words !

1. Botanical Gardens




  
  







2. Eiffel Tower

 










3. Kuta Beach

Source : http://khitdhys.blogspot.com/2009/09/descriptive-textmount-bromo.html

PROCEDURE TEXT

Procedure text is text that instruct how to do a particular activity. The purpose of procedure text is to tell the reader how to do or make something. It can be a set of instructions or directions.

Generic Structure :  

• Goal (the final purpose of doing the instructions). 
• Materials (ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions). 
• Steps (a set of instructions to achieve the final purpose).

Language Features :

• Use simple present tense.
• Use connective words : First of all, second step, after that, then, etc.
• Use action verbs : mix, add, boil, roll, serve, etc.

The example of Procedure Text :

HOW TO MAKE MEATBALLS

Ingredients :

 

1 kilo meat

2 eggs

300 gram of tapioca flour

4-8 cloves of garlic

1 red onion

1 teaspoon of white pepper

2 teaspoon of salt

Steps :

1. First of all, mix garlic, red onion, salt, and white pepper in a mixer. 
2. Second step, mix the spice mixture with eggs, tapioca-flour, and meat. 
3.  After that, use your fingers, add a cup of water, and keep on working until the mixture feels soft and smooth.
4. Then, boil some water in a rather large pot about 2 liters.
5. Next step, start rolling the mixture into small meatballs.
6. Finally, lower the meatballs into the boiling water. When they float up to the surface the meatballs are ready to serve.

Task 1

A. Read the text carefully !

HOW TO MAKE FRIED POTATOES

Ingredients :
 

4 potatoes

3 tablespoon olive oil

1 onion (chopped)

1 green bell pepper (seeded and chopped)

1 teaspoon salt

1/4 teaspoon black pepper

Materials :

• Large skillet
• Plate
• Pot

Steps :

1. First of all, bring a large pot of salted boiling water. Add potatoes and cook until tender but still firm, about 15 minutes.
2. Second, drain the potatoes and cut them into 1/2 inch cubes when they are already cool.
3. After that, in a large skillet, heat 1 tablespoon olive oil over medium high heat. Add onion and green bell pepper. Cook about 5 minutes stirring often, until soft. Transfer to a plate and set aside.
4. Then, pour remaining 2 tablespoons of oil into the skillet and turn heat to medium-high.
5. Next step, add potato cubes, salt, green bell pepper and black pepper. Cook, stirring occasionally, until potatoes are  browned about 10 minutes.
6. Finally, Stir in the onion, green bell pepper and cook for another minute. Serve hot. 

 Cook time : 25 Minutes

B. Answer the following questions based on the text !

1.  What does the text tells about ?

      a. The potatoes and their use
      b. How to make fried potatoes
      c. Boiling potatoes in good ways
      d. Someone‟s experience in cooking

2.  Which statement is NOT TRUE according to the text ?
      a. It takes 25 minutes to cook the food well.
      b. You need 3 kinds of equipment to cook the meal.
      c. the food should be served hot
      d. The potatoes must be cut after they are getting cool.

3.  How long do we need to try the recipe until it is ready to be served ?
      a. 45 minutes
      b. 40 minutes
      c. 25 minutes
      d. 20 minutes

4.  “Transfer to a plate and set aside.”
     The word “transfer” in the sentence nearly means…
      a. bring
      b. move
      c. drain
      d. take

5.  “ Drain the potatoes and cut … when they are already cool.”
      The word "they" refers to ....
      a. The potatoes.
      b. The cubes.
      c. The utensils.
      d. The ingredients.


Task 2

Arrange the jumbled sentences into a good !

                                               How to Make a Cup of Coffee

1. A cup of coffee is ready to drink.
2. Don't forget to add some sugar. 
3. Put a spoon of black coffee powder. 
4. Heat water until boiled. 
5. Pour the hot water into the cup.  
6. Prepare a cup.
7. If you like milk, you can also add it into your coffee. 

Source : http://proceduretext.blogspot.com/2009/11/what-is-procedure-text.html , http://tec-ambon.blogspot.com/2013/03/how-to-make-cup-of-black-coffee.html